"The enormous controversy surrounding violent video games has been fuelled by conflicting claims about the nature of their content and the relationship between game use and hostility."
Violent virtual video games and hostile thoughts. (2004, September 1). Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 1, 1.

“violence has been a subject in literature and the arts since the beginning of human civilization.”
Marketing Violent Entertainment to Children: A Review of Self-Regulation and Industry Practices in the Motion Picture, Music Recording & Electronic Game Industries, Appendix A - "A Review of Research on the Impact of Violence in Entertainment Media" (Sept. 2000);

“satisfies some basic human needs. The adrenalin rush, the satisfactions of imagination, fantasy, and vicarious adventure, probably explain why millions of nonviolent people enjoy violent entertainment.”
Ibid

“because the mass media presents violence in so many different ways (news, sports, action movies, cartoons, horror movies, documentaries, war stories with pacifist themes), it is particularly difficult to generalize about its impact. Even social scientists who believe that violent entertainment has adverse effects don't agree on what kinds of violent images or ideas are harmful.”
Jonathan Freedman, Media Violence and Its Effect on Aggression: Assessing the Scientific Evidence (2002).

“violent video games might actually serve as a substitute for violent crime — that is, people who are likely to commit violent crimes might be able to get their violence "fix" by playing video games instead of committing crimes.”
Video Games and Violence - Art Carden - Mises Daily. (n.d.). Ludwig von Mises Institute - Homepage. Retrieved January 31, 2011, from http://mises.org/daily/3528




“There is a mechanism, usually called ‘identification’, which makes viewers of ‘violence’ vulnerable to it – such that it thereby becomes a ‘message’ by which they are invaded and persuaded.”
http://www.englishandmedia.co.uk/mm/subscribers/downloads/archive_mm/_mmagpast/Cat%20of%20violence.html Categories of violence

"Tell me what you eat and I shall tell you what you are"
http://www.vision.org/visionmedia/article.aspx?id=759 Our Appetite for Aggression

“many narratives have depended on violence and it is clear that violence in fictions gives pleasure to the audience”
Clark, V. (2007).

“shape young people’s attitudes and actions than do parents or teachers, thus replacing them as educators, role model and the primary sources of information about the world and how to behave in it.”
http://www.vision.org/visionmedia/article.aspx?id=457 Our Appetite for Aggression

“violent entertainment may offer viewers – especially young males – a way to explore their violent tendencies without hurting anyone.”
http://www.enotes.com/media-violence-problem-article Is Media Violence a Problem?

“media violence is a catharsis which may actually help reduce aggression”
Ibid

“reveal an extensive presence of violence in modern media”
http://psi.sagepub.com/content/4/3/81.short?rss=1&ssource=mfc The Influence of Media Violence on Youth

“children and youth spend an inordinate amount of time consuming violent media”
http://digiplay.info/node/2778 The influence of media violence on youth

“it’s not about censorship but it’s about protecting our children”
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/nov/09/labour-mps-call-of-duty-modern-warfare Labour MPs clash over Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 game

“males are more attracted to violent imagery than females are”
http://www.vision.org/visionmedia/article.aspx?id=457 Our Appetite for Aggression

children’s exposure to violence in the mass media, particularly at young ages, can have harmful lifelong consequences”
http://www.enotes.com/media-violence-problem-article Is Media Violence a Problem?

“media violence may not make children violent, but it may teach them that violence is a normal way of solving problems
http://www.enotes.com/media-violence-problem-article Is Media Violence a Problem?

if something is repeated often enough it will tend to be believed and remembered
Burton, G. (1990).

“children replicate the behaviour they view”
http://www.englishandmedia.co.uk/mm/subscribers/downloads/archive_mm/_mmagpast/St_Vdogms.html Studying videogames

“if they want to steal a car, they steal a car in the game instead of in the real world”
http://www.englishandmedia.co.uk/mm/subscribers/downloads/archive_mm/_mmagpast/mm28_diploma_censor.html Diploma – the c-word: censoring the media?

“don’t know what we’re feeding our kids’ minds.”
http://www.vision.org/visionmedia/article.aspx?id=457 Our Appetite for Aggression

Wiki

“Violent media increase aggression by teaching observers how to aggress, by priming aggressive cognitions”
Anderson, C.A., & Bushman, B.J. (2001). Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect,
“Violent video games are like peanut butter,” said Ferguson. “They are harmless for the vast majority of kids but are harmful to a small minority with pre-existing personality or mental health problems.
^ "Violent Video Games May Increase Aggression in Some But Not Others, Says New Research". apa.org. American Psychological Association. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
“Violent video games may have even stronger effects on children's aggression because (1) the games are highly engaging and interactive, (2) the games reward violent behavior, and because (3) children repeat these behaviors over and over as they play (Gentile & Anderson, 2003)”
^ American Psychological Association. "Violent Video Games — Psychologists Help Protect Children from Harmful Effects".
“Psychologists have found that when parents limit the amount of time as well as the types of games their children play, children are less likely to show aggressive behaviors”
ibid
"He wanted to find out if it was as easy in real life to rob a taxi as it was in the game.
Reed, Jim (August 4, 2008). "Thailand bans Grand Theft Auto IV". Newsbeat (BBC). Retrieved February 25, 2010.
“In the past 30 years, video games have had a major impact on how people spend their leisure time”
Thomas A. Kooijmans. Effects of Video Games on Aggressive Thoughts and Behaviors During Development Rochester Institute of Technology. December 2004
“The majority of research thus far has been on the negative effects of video games, mostly due to the violence contained within”
Ibid
“Koojimans determined that the Pac Man and Super Mario Brothers video games were violent…because they involved the obvious destruction of objects through physical means of smashing, punching, eating, and so on.”

Are We Talking About the Same Violence?
Ibid
exposure to violent media reinforces and increases aggressive tendencies that already exist in an adolescent

Are We Talking About the Same Violence?
Ibid

“The general aggression model claims that violent video games desensitize people to aggression”
Video Game Violence and the Emerging Psychopath
ibid

Critical investigation question

How and why are violent videos game such as grand theft auto so popular amongst younger audience and should we be concerned?

Book Refrences

“Violent video games are popular with male and female children, adolescents, and adults. They have been successfully marketed to youth and are easily obtained regardless of their age.”

“Even the US government has created and distributes violent video games to youth, and does so without checking the ages of those to whom it distributes the game”

http://www.amazon.com/Violent-Video-Effects-Children-Adolescents/dp/0195309839/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1323171332&sr=8-1

“We assumed that girls were much less likely to play violent games than boy. Yet our surveys of more than 1,200 middle school students found that the m rated grand theft auto series was extremely popular to girls”

“Loaded grand theft auto 3, blew up a few cars and shot a half-dozen people, including a young blonde woman. When asked, Darren admits that the woman he killed in the game looked a lot like his teacher.

http://www.amazon.com/Grand-Theft-Childhood-Surprising-Violent/dp/B002WTCB90/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323171567&sr=1-2#_

“Kids become attracted to it and more numb to its consequence”

“What the studies say, quite simple, is that the boundary between fantasy and reality violence, which is a clear line for most adults, can become very blurred for vulnerable children. Kids steeped in the culture of violence do become desensitized to it and more capable of committing it themselves.”

http://www.amazon.com/Stop-Teaching-Our-Kids-Kill/dp/0609606131/ref=sr_1_7?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323171609&sr=1-7#_

“The columbine shootings were perhaps the event that first bought the possible side effects of violent video games into public attention,”
“Hilary Clinton recently introduced a bill in the senate aimed at restricting the availability of violent/content sensitive video games to children and teenagers.”

http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gDQDPYjeLOMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=violent+video+games&hl=en&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=violent%20video%20games&f=false

“unfortunately, as children grow, they spend more time playing entertaining games and less time playing educational games... in addition to children spending more time with entertaining games, these games have become increasingly popular,”

“just as educational video games can be used to teach school children, employees and physicians, violent video games can teach aggression.”

http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EgOurkPjH2gC&pg=PA430&dq=violent+video+games&hl=en&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=violent%20video%20games&f=false

http://www.amazon.com/Violent-explicit-video-games-Subcommittee/dp/1234641763/ref=sr_1_14?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323171677&sr=1-14

http://www.amazon.com/effect-violence-physiological-desensitization-real-life/dp/B000PKI3UY/ref=sr_1_37?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323171928&sr=1-37

Critical investigation 10 possible links

Looks at how video game industry have become pressured with such violent video games.

http://www.gamecensorship.com/

Talks about the increased problems in regards to video games, furthermore it looks at the regulations, also argues how games are positive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_controversy

Takes a different approach of looking at censorship and how it affects the economy

Censorship- violent video games Amazon
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Video-Game-Censorship-Including-Counter-Strike/dp/1242983147/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1323167097&sr=8-1
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Stop-Teaching-Our-Kids-Kill/dp/0609606131/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323167247&sr=1-1
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Video-game-controversy-First-person-Psychological/dp/6130313888/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323167265&sr=1-3
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Violence-Video-Games-Including-Tactical/dp/1243012773/ref=sr_1_5?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323167277&sr=1-5
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Video-Game-Addiction-First-person-Psychological/dp/613031390X/ref=sr_1_7?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1323167296&sr=1-7


http://www.economist.com/node/18561127

call of duty is one of the best selling shooter games

http://www.dailystar.co.uk/gameon/view/220545/The-top-gun-Call-Of-Duty-still-winning-the-war-of-the-shooters/The-top-gun-Call-Of-Duty-still-winning-the-war-of-the-shootersThe-top-gun-Call-Of-Duty-still-winning-the-war-of-the-shootersThe-top-gun-Call-Of-Duty-still-winning-the-war-of-the-shooters

The impact of violent video games on people and their behaviour

http://gmedia.glos.ac.uk/docs/articles/Gentile_Lynch_Linder_Walsh_20041.pdf

First game t0 be banned in almost a decade

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/leicestershire/6767623.stm

Politicians argue over call of duty censorship

http://www.gamebandits.com/news/call-of-duty-modern-warfare-3-british-politicians-squabble-over-censorship-23588/

Government becoming involved in watching out for children

http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=11521

Mother wants to know if she should buy her child call of duty

http://cmch.typepad.com/mediatrician/2009/12/call-of-duty-teen-boys.html

Influence of media violence on youth

http://cmch.typepad.com/mediatrician/2009/12/call-of-duty-teen-boys.html

Video games censorship (The Guardian)

Children’s computer games to be censored

http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/dec/29/newmedia.games?INTCMP=SRCH

Control violent video games

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2006/mar/01/games.politics?INTCMP=SRCH

Call of duty is to violent and the film classification should take action

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/gamesblog/2011/nov/23/modern-warfare-3-tom-watson-keith-vaz

Government must not censor Internet

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/nov/01/governments-must-not-censor-internet

How BBC get around censorship

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/pda/2011/mar/13/sxsw-bbc-iran-china

Media investigation

The Guardian

Facebook has too much free speech and needs censoring

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/apr/20/facebook-considers-censorship-claim-china

Apple bans game app

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/appsblog/2011/sep/14/apple-phone-story-rejection

Intensify control of social media

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/26/china-social-media-censorship

Censorship for films, video games and records

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2000/may/03/news.hillaryclinton?INTCMP=SRCH

Violent video games

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/gamesblog/2011/jun/28/california-violent-game-law?INTCMP=SRCH



Broadsheets

Censors approve

http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/censors-approve-terror-on-tube-game-6258217.html

Swift's flirtatious game of self-censorship
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/swifts-flirtatious-game-of-selfcensorship-2196692.html
Viral rape video game sparks censorship debate
http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/breaking-news/viral-rape-video-game-sparks-censorship-debate/story-e6freuyi-1225848676536
IGEA welcomes release of new video game classification guidelines
http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/technology/the-interactive-games-and-entertainment-association-says-it-welcomes-new-classification-guidelines/story-fn7bsi21-1226185860380
Violent video games may actually reduce crime
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/video-games/8798927/Violent-video-games-reduce-crime.html